This Is the original rule preventing Arteta playing for England:
That was the original but in 2009 it was amended:
So in reality it is this:
Arteta played for Spain at different levels in the following competitions:
U-16 - U16 European Championships - winner
U-17 - U17 FIFA World Cup
U-17 - Meridian Cup - winner
U-21 - U21 European Championships - qualifiers Sweden knocked Spain out in the qualification playoffs
It comes down to what FIFA mean by "full or partial appearance", that's the deciding factor.
Judging by the October 2003 ruling, it seems to imply that it means all age groups:
Ironically, it's the same rule that allows Cahill to play for Australia and yet the official site still published a story about Arteta interested in England